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The transport layer will format the packet with the send address and return address, this is the IP part of the protocol. It will package the data up in such a way that it can be sent down many different routes. The transport layer is the section that desides the route, sending many packets down different routes is called packet switching.
To act as a connection point for all the devices.
IMAP -- recives mail from the internet and stores it in a "mail box", this can be retrieved by many devices, allowing mail to be synced between them.
SMTP -- sends mail, will send it to another users mail box.
A well known port is a port that all applications implementing a spceific protocol will use.
This is to ensure that these applications are cross compatibe with eachother, and that communication can be automatic (no need to have a different port for every person you want to talk too).
Computer A has a private key
The email will be sent with a public key
The private key is used to encrypt the data
The public key can decrypt the data
Computer B will recive the email and attempt to decrypt it with the public key
If it can do this, then it means the email must have been sent from computer A
If not, then it couldn't have been sent from computer A
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