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there are 3 busses, data, control, address
the data carrys data from the cpu
the address carrys mem addresses
the control bus is used to talk to devices about what data to send
von nueman architecture has all the things (cpu mem io) on the same bus
harvard architecture has all the things seperateated on different busses, including mem split into program and data
moddern cpus have a mix of the 2 architectures
the two each have there own advantges
von nueman is simpler overall however it can have limiting speeds as all the busses are shared
harvard is generally faster as it doesnt have to share any busses, however it can be harder to work with as the developer has to specify which but they are sending data too
also the extra wires can make costs higher, however this will only ever effect very large scale production
speed is determined by things like clock speed, core count and bus width
a faster cpu may be faster overall, however certan workflows benifit from more cores
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