diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'comp/cw/overview')
| -rw-r--r-- | comp/cw/overview | 302 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 302 deletions
diff --git a/comp/cw/overview b/comp/cw/overview deleted file mode 100644 index 5f7904e..0000000 --- a/comp/cw/overview +++ /dev/null @@ -1,302 +0,0 @@ -CS course work project - -zippy - a high level functional programing language - -zippy will be an interpreted language designed to replace C in higher level use -C is used largely to write most of the unix desktop, however c can be difficult -when writing larger programs, and is missing moddern features like oop or -functional patterns (higher order functions) - -requirents: - - must be human readable, even a non programmer should be able to figure - out what a program is doing - - faster than competion, other languages that have tried to slot into - this position like python are far to slow, and thus it must be faster - - low runtime overhead, the interpreter should be small, it shouldn't - force the developer to think about how the interpreter works to use it - efficently - - have moddern tools, a pkg manager and enviroment manager, making it - easy to develop for - - needs to support c libarys - -language info - -zippy will use function programming as a primary solution, however also support -simple oop, with classes (no inheritence) -its syntax will be comparable to lisp, with prolific use of "()" -it will need a stdlib, which can be taken from C's stdlib - -types: - - char - just like a c char - i32 - 32 bit signed int - f32 - 32 bit signed float - u32 - unsigned 32 bit int - i16- 16 bit signed int - u16 - 16 bit unsigned int - bool - TRUE/FALSE - - - arrays: - - arrays can be created like so - (let arr[]:char "hello there") - (let arr[]:i32 1 2 3) - - all arrays are linked lists of there data type - their size is not fixed - - you can get, or set the value of an array at a specific index using - arr[index] - - strings: - - strings are arrays of chars - a string can be defined by a litteral like so - "hello world" - this is the same as 'h' 'e' 'l'.... - because this is represented as a linked list there is no need to have a - NULL terminator like in c, the end of the string is jus the point where the - linked list has no more nodes - -comments: - - comments can be writen like so - ! this is a comment - -indentation and spacing: - - indentation and new lines arent at all necesary - any new lines will be converted to spaces, and tabs will be removed - the only place that needs spaces is when calling a function and giving its args - -scopes: - - () can be placed anywhere, and anything that is in them is in there own scope - as soon as the bracket is closed, any variables defined in the scope - will be deleted - any scope inherets all variables and functions from the scope that contains it - code writen in the main body of the file can be imagined like so - ( - ... - ... - ... - your code - ... - ... - ... - ) - however that level of indentation is not needed - - this can be helpful if you want to have two scopes with different imports - ( - (import z) - ( - (import x) - ! anything writen here has access to libary x and z - ) - ( - (import y) - ! anything writen here has access to libary y and z - ) - ! anything writen here has access to libary z - ) - -libarys: - - libarys are similar to header files in c - when imported the user can use any function contained within the file - - it would be good practice to put your libary in a struct to avoid functions with the - same names coming from 2 libarys, however its not needed - -errors: - - errors would be - -keywords: - - (defun arg1:type arg2:type returnType - ... - ... - ... - ) - defines a function, can be done anywhere in the program, all functions - must return a value, return type and arguments must be known at runtime - - returns the function that can be asigned with let - - (return VALUE) - returns VALUE from a function, VALUE must be of the same tupe as returnType - in defun - - (for x a b function) - - runs the function inside the loop, x will be increment by 1 each iteration and - it will have a starting value of a running until it reaches b (inclusive) - x cant be changed in any way other than the for loop - x, a, b are all of type i32 - - (while condtion function) - - runs all code inside the loop until the condion is not TRUE - condition must be a bool (TRUE/FALSE) - - (let name:type value) - - assign value to variable name, this will create the variable if it doesn't already - exist, and overwrite it if it does - names type must be defined by type - - (const name:type value) - - same as let but creates an imutable variable - - (import libary) - - searches the libary dir and imports the libary to the current project - libary can also be a specific path if it starts with / or ./ or ../ - - (struct name - ... - ... - ... - (defun init arg1:type type - ... - ... - ... - ) - (defun deinit arg1:type type - ... - ... - ... - ) - ) - - structs can be used as a custom data type - creates a struct/class called name, functions called init will be ran when an - object is created - when deinit is called the code init will be ran, then the object will be deleted - if deinit is not defined it can still be called to delete the instace of the class - - you can create a struct like so: - (let mystruct:name (name.init arg1 arg2)) - - you can call a method attached to an instace of a struct like this: - (mystruct.method arg1 arg2) - - and to destroy it you can just use this: - (mystruct.deinit arg1 arg2) - - structs can be recursive - eg: - (struct node - (defun init next:node - (let next:node next) - ) - ) - - a struct can have default values - eg: - (struct person - (let age:i32 50) - (let name[]:char "john doe") - ... - ... - ... - ) - - this will make the struct have default values - - overall in simple terms structs are just like c structs but they can contain - functions - - (symbol arg1:type arg2:type returntype location) - - returns a function that can be called. the function is retrieved from a .o file - which can be writen in C, the args, should be the args that the function takes in - and there types - the interpreter will try to convert data to the equal type in C, however this may need - to be done manually - the location should be a string which is is the file path to the .o file - - (if condition - ... - ... - ... - )(elif condition - ... - ... - ... - )(else - ... - ... - ... - ) - - simple if statment, if condition is TRUE run the code inside, elif runs if the condition in it - is TRUE and if the previous has not been TRUE - else will run if nothing else is TRUE - - (cast TYPE variable) - - returns a variable casted to type TYPE, if type is function, will return a function with no args - that returns the variable value in its starting type - - conditions: - (= a b) returns TRUE if a is equal to be (works with arrays) - (!= a b) returns TRUE if a is not equal to be (works with arrays) - (> a b) returns TRUE if a > b (does not work with arrays) - (< a b) returns TRUE if a < b (does not work with arrays) - (>= a b) returns TRUE if a >= b (does not work with arrays) - (<= a b) returns TRUE if a <= b (does not work with arrays) - (! a) returns TRUE if a is FALSE (only works on bools) - (| a b) returns TRUE if a or b are TRUE (only works on bools) - (& a b) returns TRUE if a and b are TRUE (only works on bools) - (^ a b) returns TRUE if a xor b is true (only works on bools) - - all these are just functions that can be used to assign values - eg: - (let mybool:bool (= a b)) - ! mybool will be TRUE if a = b - - mathmatical operations: - zippy uses reverse polish notation - (+ a b) returns a + b - (- a b) returns a - b - (* a b) returns a * b - (/ a b) returns a / b, whole number eg: (/ 7 3) = 2 - (/. a b) returns a / b, floating point number eg: (/. 7 3) = 2.5 - (% a b) returns the remander of (/ a b) - (** a b) returns a ^ b - - -sample code - (let fib:function (defun num:i32 i32 - (if (< num 2) - (return num) - ) - (else - (return (+ (fib (- num 1)) (fib (- num 2)) )) - ) - ) - ) - (let a:i32 (fib 5)) - ! returns the 5th fib number - -stdlib: - (import io) - io contains a few types - they are: - (io.file) - io contains many io related functions - they are: - - (io.write "hello %s\n" name) ! this is very similar to printf in C - (let input:char[] (io.read)) - - (let file:io.file (io.open path[]:char "method")) - - (io.fwrite file:io.file "hello %s" name) - (let file[]:char (io.fread file:io.file)) - (let line[]:char (io.freadline file:io.file lineno:i32)) - |